"Qui est Emmanuel Macron?": pýtajú sa novinári, odborníci i jeho politickí súperi a kolegovia, od prvého momentu, keď 16. novembra 2016, ako nezávislý kandidát, oficiálne potvrdil svoj zámer uchádzať sa o post francúzskeho prezidenta.
Emmanuel Macron (39) je najmladším kandidátom na post francúzskeho prezidenta. Pochádza z lekárskej rodiny z Amiens, mesta na severovýchode Francúzska. Vyštudoval filozófiu na Université Paris-Nanterre, verejnú správu na SciencesPo a napokon absolvoval aj École nationale d'administration (ENA), výberovú francúzsku vysokú školu, ktorá pripravuje absolventov na najvyššie pozície v štátnej správe. Po štyroch rokoch na pozícii finančného inšpektora Ministerstva financií, v roku 2008 opustil štátnu správu a začal pracovať ako privátny bankár pre Rothschild & Cie. V roku 2012 prijal ponuku Françoisa Hollanda a stal sa zástupcom generálneho tajomníka kancelárie prezidenta. V auguste 2014 bol vymenovaný do funkcie ministra hospodárstva, priemyslu a digitalizácie, v druhej vláde Manuela Vallsa. Tejto funkcie sa vzdal 30. augusta 2016, aby sa mohol venovať prezidentskej kampani.
Please scroll to the bottom for English translation.
Quand la France et En Marche!
Keď je Francúzsko V pohybe!
EM!
6. apríla 2016 predstavil Emmanuel Macron svoje hnutie En Marche! (V pohybe!). Asi nie je náhodou, že hnutie nesie iniciály svojho zakladateľa. Odmietol pomenovanie politická strana a dal jasne najavo úmysel prekonať pravo-ľavé stranícke delenie. Z tohto dôvodu sa tiež odmietol zapojiť do primárok socialistov (strany, ktorá ho dostala na post ministra hospodárstva) čím si vyslúžil nálepku zbeha, či nekonformného individualistu.
V rámci En Marche! sa Macronovi podarilo postupne zmobilizovať masy politických aktivistov, ktorí sa ďalej iniciatívne podieľajú na kampani. Oslovujú ľudí na uliciach, navštevujú potenciálnych voličov. Sami vytvárajú komunity a internetové stránky, v rámci ktorých propagujú politické ciele svojho kandidáta. Osobne som objavila dve: Au centre avec Macron a viac európsky zameranú Les Européens avec Macron. V polovici januára registrovalo En Marche! viac než 135 000 členov a 3145 lokálnych výborov.
Parížska centrála En Marche!, plná mladých ľudí, pripomína start-up. Z tridsiatich ľudí v centrále, je len 10 platených zamestnancov. Priemerný vek všetkých je 25 rokov.
En Marche! je financované výlučne z darov. Menšie sumy je možné darovať prostredníctvom oficiálnej stránky hnutia, tie najväčšie finančné dary získava Emmanuel Macron osobne. Hnutie od svojho založenia získalo viac ako 4 milióny eur.
Politické mítingy
Macronove politické mítingy plnia štadióny: 10. december 2016, Paríž - viac ako 15 000 ľudí; 14. január 2017, Lille - 5000 ľudí; 4. február, Lyon - viac než 16 000 ľudí. Množstvo mladých, študentov či čerstvých absolventov, a ľudí, ktorí na politickom živote participujú vôbec prvýkrát.
Začínajú tým, čo Francúzi volajú "témoignages", svedectvá alebo presnejšie vystúpenia ľudí z lokálnych výborov, sympatizantov i verejných osobností, ktorí hovoria o dôvodoch, ktoré ich vedú k podpore Emmanuela Macrona a En Marche! Nasleduje niekoľko bannerov s výzvami na sledovanie hnutia a kandidáta, ako aj na zdieľanie dojmov z mítingu na sociálnych sieťach. Tradičné video, v ktorom Macron kričí: "Francúzsko je nádej, nádej v progres, nádej, ktorú nemôže nič odradiť. Pretože Francúzsko je hnutie (po francúzsky mouvement, čiže tiež pohyb, pokrok), hnutie nádeje, hnutie, ktoré nemôže nič zastaviť. Pretože Francúzsko je nádej. Pretože Francúzsko je projekt. Je tým projektom, ktorého nositeľom chcem byť!"
Znie charakteristická zvučka a prichádza Emmanuel Macron. Ľudia jasajú. Macron je skvelý rečník. Je vzdelaný, priamy a energický. Rozpráva takmer dve hodiny. Ľudia často vstávajú zo sedadiel a skandujú: "Macron, prezident! Macron, prezident!" alebo "Vyhráme! Vyhráme!". V určitom momente vyhlási: "Je vous aime farouchement, mes amis." "Mám vás šialene rád, priatelia."
More francúzskych vlajok sa mieša s vlajkami Európskej únie. "My sme Európa, my sme Brusel, my sme to chceli a my to potrebujeme!": vyhlásil Macron na mítingu v Lille. Počas posledného mítingu v Lyone začali ľudia skandovať aj niečo zvláštne a až keď som sa započúvala lepšie, s prekvapením som zistila, že skandujú: "Európa! Európa!".
Macronov polo-žart, na mítingu v Lyone a jasajúci ľudia v pozadí: "Nikdy nezabudnite, že Európa mala zátarasy, nikdy na to nezabudnite. Ja nechcem nový múr. Ubezpečujem vás, že v mojom programe nie je žiaden múr."
Mítingy vrcholia Macronovými hlasnými zvolaniami. Po prvom veľkom mítingu v Paríži, 10. decembra 2016, keď jeho entuziazmus ďaleko presiahol množstvo kyslíka v jeho pľúcach, sa už naučil správne dýchať a aj jeho zvolania už znejú istejšie. Ľudia prichádzajú na pódium za svojim kandidátom a mítingy končia hrdým spievaním Marseillaisy.
Program
Politický program Emmanuela Macrona, vo forme uceleného dokumentu, ktorý by jasne vymenúval jeho politické priority, zatiaľ neexistuje. A Francúzi si naň budú musieť ešte počkať do konca februára. Aj to je jeden z dôvodov, prečo bol Macron pre svojich politických súperov, média i expertov dlho nečitateľnou osobou. V druhej polovici novembra 2016 publikoval svoju knihu s názvom "Revolúcia" a podtitulom "Toto je náš boj za Francúzsko". Už v jej úvode však zdôrazňuje: "Nenachádza sa tu program, žiaden z tých tisícov návrhov, kvôli ktorým sa náš politický život podobá zoznamu sklamaných nádejí. Je to skôr vízia, rozprávanie, vôľa." Konkrétne návrhy odhaľuje skôr postupne, predovšetkým počas svojich verejných vystúpení.
V záležitostiach týkajúcich sa vnútorných politík Francúzska, presadzuje niekoľko zmien v oblasti sociálneho zabezpečenia a reformu zdravotníctva. Veľký dôraz kladie na reformu školského systému: investície do najproblematickejších štvrtí, zníženie počtu žiakov v triedach o polovicu, zvýšenie platov učiteľov. Dôraz tiež kladie na celoživotné vzdelávanie a rekvalifikáciu, aby ponuka pracovníkov lepšie zodpovedala požiadavkám pracovného trhu. Na zaistenie bezpečnosti plánuje v rokoch 2017 - 2020 navýšiť počty policajtov a žandárov o 10 000. Rovnako veľký dôraz kladie aj na podporu a rozvoj inovácií. Zaujímavosťou je tiež návrh kultúrneho poukazu v hodnote 500 EUR pre každého Francúza pri dosiahnutí 18-tich rokov, financovaný štátom, distribútormi a nadnárodnými korporáciami, s ktorými už údajne začal rokovania.
L'Europe à la Macron. Pourrait-elle marcher?
Európa podľa Macrona. Mohla by fungovať?
Publikum: "Vyhráme! Vyhráme!"
EM: "Náš boj za bratstvo, bude napakon aj našim bojom za Európu. Všade."
"Povedzme to priamo: voliť prezidenta, znamená voliť toho, kto bude za Francúzsko zasadať v Európskej rade": otvorene píše Emmanuel Macron vo svojej knihe. Kritizuje rétoriku európskych politikov, ktorí pre získanie podpory neváhajú zvaliť vinu na Európsku úniu za všetko zlé. Macron podporuje európsku integráciu. To však neznamená, že sa k nej stavia nekriticky. Podľa Macrona chýba EÚ vízia a širšia diskusia, a preto potrebuje podstúpiť niekoľko zmien. Základných zmlúv sa však nedotýka.
Gro svojich ideí týkajúcich sa európskej integrácie predstavil počas svojho príhovoru na Humboldtovej univerzite v Berlíne. Pre Emmanuela Macrona je spoločná, európska úroveň tou najvhodnejšou pre riešenie globálnych problémov, akými sú migrácia, bezpečnosť, hospodársky rast a klimatické zmeny, a v týchto oblastiach by preto malo dôjsť aj k jej posilneniu.
Niektoré jeho návrhy sú však v ich aktuálnej podobe pomerne ťažko uchopiteľné a zostávajú tak zatiaľ len v rovine nápadov. Bude zaujímavé vidieť, ktoré z nich sa dostanú aj do jeho oficálneho programu koncom februára.
Na to, aby Euro ako mena prežilo, je podľa Macrona v prvom rade potrebné dokončiť menovú úniu. Navrhuje vytvorenie spoločného rozpočtu Eurozóny, ako kľúča na podporu spoločných investícií a rastu, vyrovnávania rozdielov medzi krajinami Eurozóny a posilnenie solidarity a odolnosti voči ekonomickým šokom. Rozpočet by mal podliehať kontrole poslancov Európskeho parlamentu z krajín Eurozóny.
Považuje tiež za potrebné vytvoriť ešte robustnejší investičný plán ako je súčasný Junckerov plán, zahŕňajúci Európsky fond pre strategické investície. Investície by mali smerovať hlavne do obnoviteľných zdrojov energie, vzdelávania, vedy a výskumu.
Pri príležitosti 30-teho výročia programu Erasmus, Macron zverejnil svoj zámer podporiť do roku 2022, 200 000 študentov.
Európska únia je podľa Macrona tiež najlepším prostriedkom na presadzovanie obchodných záujmov členských štátov, keďže má ako spoločenstvo štátov vo svetovej ekonomike oveľa väčšiu váhu, ako ktorýkoľvek členský štát samotný.
V otázkach migrácie presadzuje vytvorenie spoločnej azylovej a imigračnej politiky voči tretím krajinám, prostredníctvom spoločných dohôd založených na rozvojovej a finančnej pomoci. Veľký dôraz kladie na potrebu zabezpečenia vonkajších hraníc EÚ a posilnenie európskej pohraničnej a pobrežnej stráže.
V záležitostiach bezpečnosti, navrhuje vytvorenie európskeho fondu na obranu, ktorý je už súčasťou Akčného plánu v oblasti európskej obrany, ktorý navrhla Európska komisia 30. novembra 2016, ako aj zriadenie stáleho európskeho generálneho štábu pre monitorovanie a plánovanie operácií v rámci Európskej obrannej a bezpečnostnej politiky. Všetko s ohľadom na vzájomnú komplementaritu EÚ a NATO. Silnejšia EÚ znamená aj pre Macrona silnejšie NATO. Hnacou silou v záležitostiach bezpečnosti by malo byť práve partnerstvo Francúzska s Nemeckom. Apeluje preto na nevyhnutnosť nemeckej iniciatívy v tomto smere. Navrhuje tiež vytvorenie európskej informačnej služby, ktorá zabezpečí lepšie zdieľanie a výmenu informácií medzi členskými štátmi.
S cieľom popasovať sa s demokratickým deficitom EÚ a rozprúdiť verejnú diskusiu o jej smerovaní, chce po nemeckých voľbách na jeseň 2017, iniciovať v členských krajinách tzv. demokratické konventy, v réžii jednotlivých vlád, a ktorých výsledkom by mala byť akási európska cestovná mapa, 10-15 stranový dokument s prioritami EÚ, konkrétnymi krokmi ako ich dosiahnuť a časovým harmonogramom. Celý návrh nápadne pripomína proces, ktorý viedol k prijatiu Zmluvy o ústave pre Európu, ktorá bola následne odmietnutá v referendách vo Francúzsku a Holandsku. Macronovi sa možno podarilo objaviť veľmi účinný spôsob ako osloviť a zmobilizovať Francúzov, no celá Európa je už trocha iná káva.
Macron dal zatiaľ najavo, že nevidí problém v dvojrýchlostnej Európe a je naklonený využitiu posilnenej spolupráce.
Tajomstvo Macronovho úspechu je výsledkom dvoch faktorov: odmietnutie tradičných politikov a politických strán a možno trocha riskantného nápadu a využitej šance.
Vlna občianskej nespokojnosti a odmietnutie tradičných politikov a politických strán, ktoré sa šíria naprieč liberálnymi demokraciami, vo Francúzsku spôsobili nielen nárast popularity krajne pravicového Národného frontu Marine Le Penovej, ale podpísali sa aj pod výsledky primárok pravice aj ľavice. V oboch prípadoch bol zvolený kandidát prekvapením. V primárkach pravice (Les Républicains) si sympatizanti vybrali najkrajnejšie orientovaného Françoisa Fillona. V primárkach socialistov (La Belle Alliance Populaire) zvíťazil veľmi málo známy a najľavicovejšie orientovaný, bývalý minister školstva Benoît Hamon. Voľba úplných protipólov pravice a ľavice, tak otvorila obrovský priestor v strede. Priestor, pre Emmanuela Macrona. Po výsledkoch oboch primárok a zverejnení kauzy okolo manželky kandidáta pravice, Françoisa Fillona, má Emmanuel Macron, podľa prieskumu z 1. februára, reálnu šancu dostať sa do druhého kola volieb s Marine Le Penovou.
Political Meetings
Macron’s meetings fill stadiums: 10th December 2016, Paris – more than 15 000 people; 14th January 2017, Lille – 5000 people; 4th February 2017, Lyon – more than 16 000 people. A lot of young people, students or recent graduates, and people who take part in political life for the very first time.
They start with what French use to call “témoignages”, testimonials of people from local committees, adherents, and public figures, speaking about the reasons why they decided to support Emmanuel Macron and En Marche! Follow some banners inviting people to follow the movement and the candidate, as well as to share impressions of the meeting via social networks. This is followed by usual video with Macron’s shouted words: “France is a hope, a hope in progress, a hope that nothing can discourage. Because France is a movement, a movement of hope, a movement that nothing can stop. Because France is a hope. Because France is a project. It is the project I want to carry!”
Emmanuel Macron comes in to the sound of a characteristic theme. People rejoice. Macron is an excellent orator. He is well-educated, frank, and energetic. He speaks for almost two hours. People often give standing ovations and chant: “Macron, president! Macron, president!” or “We will win! We will win!” At a certain moment, Macron announces: “I love you like crazy, my friends.”
A heap of French flags mingles with flags of the European Union. “We are Europe, we are Brussels, we wanted it and we need it,” claimed Macron during his meeting in Lille. During his last meeting in Lyon the people also started to chant something strange and only when I listened better, to my great surprise I realized they are chanting: “Europe! Europe!”
Meetings culminate with Macron’s shouts. After his first large meeting in Paris, 10th December 2016, when his enthusiasm largely surpassed the amount of oxygen in his lungs, he managed to learn to breathe correctly and his shouts sound more confident. People join their candidate on the stage and meetings end with proud singing of the national anthem - the Marseillaise.
Political Programe
Ça marche!
Funguje to!
Tajomstvo Macronovho úspechu je výsledkom dvoch faktorov: odmietnutie tradičných politikov a politických strán a možno trocha riskantného nápadu a využitej šance.
Vlna občianskej nespokojnosti a odmietnutie tradičných politikov a politických strán, ktoré sa šíria naprieč liberálnymi demokraciami, vo Francúzsku spôsobili nielen nárast popularity krajne pravicového Národného frontu Marine Le Penovej, ale podpísali sa aj pod výsledky primárok pravice aj ľavice. V oboch prípadoch bol zvolený kandidát prekvapením. V primárkach pravice (Les Républicains) si sympatizanti vybrali najkrajnejšie orientovaného Françoisa Fillona. V primárkach socialistov (La Belle Alliance Populaire) zvíťazil veľmi málo známy a najľavicovejšie orientovaný, bývalý minister školstva Benoît Hamon. Voľba úplných protipólov pravice a ľavice, tak otvorila obrovský priestor v strede. Priestor, pre Emmanuela Macrona. Po výsledkoch oboch primárok a zverejnení kauzy okolo manželky kandidáta pravice, Françoisa Fillona, má Emmanuel Macron, podľa prieskumu z 1. februára, reálnu šancu dostať sa do druhého kola volieb s Marine Le Penovou.
Jeho úspech pramení z rovnakého zdroja - odmietnutia
tradičných politikov. V dobe nárastu populizmu, však predstavuje Macron so svojou priamočiarosťou a entuziazmom
pozitívnu deviáciu. Do politického života vnáša nekonformnosť, no v kombinácii
s pozitívnou agendou, nekonfliktnosťou, otvorenosťou a
strhujúcou energiou. Trocha
riskantný nápad robiť politiku inak: so stranou "nestranou", ani
naľavo, ani napravo, ale zjednocujúcou celé Francúzsko na jeho
základných hodnotách, však začína vychádzať. A to aj bez obsiahleho
zoznamu konkrétnych priorít. V tomto smere je tiež
potrebné zdôrazniť špecifickosť francúzskej spoločnosti, v ktorej sú
hodnoty slobody, rovnosti a bratstva (liberté, egalité, fraternité)
hlboko zakorenené a apel na ne má vždy veľkú váhu. Zámerne som do tohto
príspevku zahrnula aj zopár Macronových výrokov, ktoré ukazujú, že jeho
kampaň skutočne predstavuje viac nápad, rozprávanie, entuziazmus, než
zámer presadiť zoznam svojich priorít. Macronov pokus nie je ani "one man
show", pretože Macron dáva ľuďom pocítiť, že En Marche! sú oni, mestá,
regióny, Francúzsko. Francúzsko, ktoré je zároveň zodpovedné za osud Európy.
Fenomén Macron nemusí byť výnimkou. Nárast populizmu, anti-systémových strán a erózia demokracie si žiada odpoveď. Ak to má znamenať koniec pravo-ľavého politického delenia, polarizácia vznikne inde. A možno bude znamenať návrat k základným hodnotám slobody a demokracie, ktoré sú stále viac napádané. Francúzsko sa už zdá sa dalo do pohybu.
“Who is Emmanuel Macron?” ask journalists, experts, his political rivals, and colleagues, from the very first moment when on the 16th November 2016, as an independent candidate, he had officially confirmed his intention to run for French president.
Fenomén Macron nemusí byť výnimkou. Nárast populizmu, anti-systémových strán a erózia demokracie si žiada odpoveď. Ak to má znamenať koniec pravo-ľavého politického delenia, polarizácia vznikne inde. A možno bude znamenať návrat k základným hodnotám slobody a demokracie, ktoré sú stále viac napádané. Francúzsko sa už zdá sa dalo do pohybu.
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English:
“Who is Emmanuel Macron?” ask journalists, experts, his political rivals, and colleagues, from the very first moment when on the 16th November 2016, as an independent candidate, he had officially confirmed his intention to run for French president.
Emmanuel Macron (39) is the youngest candidate for French president. He was born to a medical family from Amiens, city in northeast of France. He studied Philosophy at Université Paris-Nanterre, Public Affairs at SciencesPo and eventually he graduated from École nationale d'administration (ENA), selective French college preparing graduates for senior civil service posts in French administration. After four years as a financial inspector at the Ministry of Economy, in 2008 he left civil service and started to work as an investment banker at Rothschild & Cie. In 2012 he accepted the offer of François Holland and became deputy secretary general. In August 2014, he was appointed Minister of Economy, Industry, and Digitization in the second government of Manuel Valls. He resigned on 30th August 2016 to devote himself to his presidential campaign.
Quand la France et En Marche!
When France is On the Move!
When France is On the Move!
EM!
On 6th April 2016 Emmanuel Macron introduced his movement En Marche! (On the Move!). Maybe it’s not by chance that the movement bears the initials of his founder. He refused the ‘political party’ label and clearly stated his intention to overcome the left-right division. On this ground, he also refused to take part in the primaries of the social party (the one he represented as a Minister of Economy) and so earning the label of a deserter or maverick.
On 6th April 2016 Emmanuel Macron introduced his movement En Marche! (On the Move!). Maybe it’s not by chance that the movement bears the initials of his founder. He refused the ‘political party’ label and clearly stated his intention to overcome the left-right division. On this ground, he also refused to take part in the primaries of the social party (the one he represented as a Minister of Economy) and so earning the label of a deserter or maverick.
Within En Marche! he gradually managed to mobilize masses of political activists who proactively participate on the campaign. They address people on the streets or visit potential voters. They create communities and webpages promoting political goals of their candidate. I’ve discovered myself two such webpages: Au centre avec Macron and more EU-oriented Les Européens avec Macron. In mid-January En Marche! registered more than 135 000 members and 3145 local committees.
The headquarters of En Marche! in Paris, full of young people, resembles a start-up. Out of 30 people there, only 10 are employees. The average age of all is 25 years.
En Marche! is funded solely by donations. Smaller amounts can be donated via the official webpage of the movement, the largest amounts are acquired by Emmanuel Macron personally. From its inception, the movement gathered more than 4 million euro.
Political Meetings
They start with what French use to call “témoignages”, testimonials of people from local committees, adherents, and public figures, speaking about the reasons why they decided to support Emmanuel Macron and En Marche! Follow some banners inviting people to follow the movement and the candidate, as well as to share impressions of the meeting via social networks. This is followed by usual video with Macron’s shouted words: “France is a hope, a hope in progress, a hope that nothing can discourage. Because France is a movement, a movement of hope, a movement that nothing can stop. Because France is a hope. Because France is a project. It is the project I want to carry!”
Emmanuel Macron comes in to the sound of a characteristic theme. People rejoice. Macron is an excellent orator. He is well-educated, frank, and energetic. He speaks for almost two hours. People often give standing ovations and chant: “Macron, president! Macron, president!” or “We will win! We will win!” At a certain moment, Macron announces: “I love you like crazy, my friends.”
A heap of French flags mingles with flags of the European Union. “We are Europe, we are Brussels, we wanted it and we need it,” claimed Macron during his meeting in Lille. During his last meeting in Lyon the people also started to chant something strange and only when I listened better, to my great surprise I realized they are chanting: “Europe! Europe!”
Meetings culminate with Macron’s shouts. After his first large meeting in Paris, 10th December 2016, when his enthusiasm largely surpassed the amount of oxygen in his lungs, he managed to learn to breathe correctly and his shouts sound more confident. People join their candidate on the stage and meetings end with proud singing of the national anthem - the Marseillaise.
Political Programe
Political programe of Emmanuel Macron in the form of a complete document clearly listing his political priorities doesn’t exist. Yet. And French need to wait for it till the end of February. This is also one of the reasons why was Macron for so long an intangible figure for his political adversaries, media, and experts. In the second half of November 2016 he published his book “Revolution” and subtitled “This is our fight for France”. Right in its beginning he however highlights: “There will be no program, and none of those thousand propositions which make our political life to resemble a catalogue of disappointed hopes. It is more a vision, a narrative, a will.” He rather unveils concrete proposals during his public appearances.
Concerning internal policies of France, he proposes some changes to the welfare system and a reform of health care. He puts great emphasis on reform of the schooling system: investments to the most problematic quarters, reduction of class size by half, increase of teachers’ salaries. He stresses also the importance of lifelong learning and requalification so that the supply of workers could better accommodate the demands of the labor market. To reinforce security, he plans to increase numbers of policeman and gendarmes by 10 000 in the years 2017-2020. He also places strong emphasis on support of innovation and development. Quite interesting is also his proposal to introduce a kind of cultural passes worth 500 EUR for every Frenchman upon reaching 18 years of age, co-financed by the state, distributors, and international corporations, with which he has reportedly already started to negotiate.
Concerning internal policies of France, he proposes some changes to the welfare system and a reform of health care. He puts great emphasis on reform of the schooling system: investments to the most problematic quarters, reduction of class size by half, increase of teachers’ salaries. He stresses also the importance of lifelong learning and requalification so that the supply of workers could better accommodate the demands of the labor market. To reinforce security, he plans to increase numbers of policeman and gendarmes by 10 000 in the years 2017-2020. He also places strong emphasis on support of innovation and development. Quite interesting is also his proposal to introduce a kind of cultural passes worth 500 EUR for every Frenchman upon reaching 18 years of age, co-financed by the state, distributors, and international corporations, with which he has reportedly already started to negotiate.
L'Europe à la Macron. Pourrait-elle marcher?
Europe à la Macron. Will it work?
Europe à la Macron. Will it work?
“Let us say it clearly: to elect the President of the Republic is to elect the one who will sit for France at the European Council table”: writes Emmanuel Macron in his book. He criticises the rhetoric of European politicians who in order to gain support do not hesitate to blame the European Union of everything that’s wrong. Macron supports European integration. Though, this does not mean that he refrains from criticising it. Macron claims that the EU lacks vision and broader discussion, and that’s why it needs to perform several changes. Though, he does not touch the founding treaties.
He introduced the gist of his ideas regarding European integration during his public speech at the Humboldt University in Berlin. For Emmanuel Macron, the common European level is the most relevant to deal with global issues like migration, security, growth, and climate changes, and therefore it should be reinforced in these areas.
Some of his proposals, in their current form, are relatively hard to grasp and therefore remain so far only at the level of ideas. It will be interesting to see which of them are going to make it to his official programme at the end of February.
For the Euro to survive, according to Macron, in the first place, it is necessary to finish the monetary union. He proposes creation of a common Eurozone budget, as the key to boost common investments and growth, convergence among countries of the Eurozone, to boost solidarity and resilience against economic crisis. The budget should be subject to the supervision of Members of the European Parliament of the countries of the Eurozone.
He finds necessary to create an investment plan even more powerful than the current Juncker plan including the European Fund for Strategic Investments. Investments should go especially to the support of renewable energy resources, education, science, and research.
In the occasion of the 30th Anniversary of the Erasmus programme, Macron made public his intention to support 200 000 students till 2022.
According to Macron the European Union is also the best mean to promote the commercial interests of the Member States, since as a community of states it has greater leverage in the world economy as any of its Member States alone.
Concerning migration, he demands creation of a common asylum and immigration policy vis à vis third countries, by the means of common agreements based on development and financial aid. He places great emphasis on the need to secure the EU external borders and strengthening of the European Border and Coast Guard.
Concerning the security issues, he proposes creation of a European defence fund (already part of the European Defence Action Plan, proposed by the European Commission on 30th November 2016), as well as establishing of a permanent European headquarters in charge of operation planning and monitoring under the European Security and Defence Policy. All in full complementarity with NATO. Stronger EU means stronger NATO for Macron, too. When it comes to defence the partnership of France and Germany should be the driving force. Therefore, he calls on the need for Germany to take initiatives in this respect. He also proposes creation of a common intelligence system to ensure better sharing and exchange of information among the Member States.
To tackle the democratic deficit of the EU and boost public discussion about its course, he plans, after German elections in autumn 2017, to initiate in the Member States the so called democratic conventions, the result of which should be a European roadmap – a 10-15 pages long document, including priorities of the EU, concrete steps, and detailed calendar to reach them. The idea as a whole slightly reminds the process that led to the adoption of the Constitutional Treaty, later on rejected in the referendums in France and in the Netherlands. Macron probably managed to discover a feasible way to engage and mobilize the French, the whole Europe, though, is some other thing.
Macron made it clear so far that he has no problem with 2-tier Europe and is open to pursue enhanced cooperation.
He introduced the gist of his ideas regarding European integration during his public speech at the Humboldt University in Berlin. For Emmanuel Macron, the common European level is the most relevant to deal with global issues like migration, security, growth, and climate changes, and therefore it should be reinforced in these areas.
Some of his proposals, in their current form, are relatively hard to grasp and therefore remain so far only at the level of ideas. It will be interesting to see which of them are going to make it to his official programme at the end of February.
For the Euro to survive, according to Macron, in the first place, it is necessary to finish the monetary union. He proposes creation of a common Eurozone budget, as the key to boost common investments and growth, convergence among countries of the Eurozone, to boost solidarity and resilience against economic crisis. The budget should be subject to the supervision of Members of the European Parliament of the countries of the Eurozone.
He finds necessary to create an investment plan even more powerful than the current Juncker plan including the European Fund for Strategic Investments. Investments should go especially to the support of renewable energy resources, education, science, and research.
In the occasion of the 30th Anniversary of the Erasmus programme, Macron made public his intention to support 200 000 students till 2022.
According to Macron the European Union is also the best mean to promote the commercial interests of the Member States, since as a community of states it has greater leverage in the world economy as any of its Member States alone.
Concerning migration, he demands creation of a common asylum and immigration policy vis à vis third countries, by the means of common agreements based on development and financial aid. He places great emphasis on the need to secure the EU external borders and strengthening of the European Border and Coast Guard.
Concerning the security issues, he proposes creation of a European defence fund (already part of the European Defence Action Plan, proposed by the European Commission on 30th November 2016), as well as establishing of a permanent European headquarters in charge of operation planning and monitoring under the European Security and Defence Policy. All in full complementarity with NATO. Stronger EU means stronger NATO for Macron, too. When it comes to defence the partnership of France and Germany should be the driving force. Therefore, he calls on the need for Germany to take initiatives in this respect. He also proposes creation of a common intelligence system to ensure better sharing and exchange of information among the Member States.
To tackle the democratic deficit of the EU and boost public discussion about its course, he plans, after German elections in autumn 2017, to initiate in the Member States the so called democratic conventions, the result of which should be a European roadmap – a 10-15 pages long document, including priorities of the EU, concrete steps, and detailed calendar to reach them. The idea as a whole slightly reminds the process that led to the adoption of the Constitutional Treaty, later on rejected in the referendums in France and in the Netherlands. Macron probably managed to discover a feasible way to engage and mobilize the French, the whole Europe, though, is some other thing.
Macron made it clear so far that he has no problem with 2-tier Europe and is open to pursue enhanced cooperation.
Ça marche!
It works!
It works!
The secret of Macron’s success is the result of two factors: rejection of traditional politicians and political parties and perhaps slightly risky idea and seized opportunity.
The wave of public discontent and refusal of traditional politicians and political parties spreading through liberal democracies, induced in France not only rise of popularity of the far-right National Front of Marine Le Pen, but it also translated in the outcomes of primaries of the left and right. In both cases the elected candidate emerged by surprise. In the primaries of the right (Les Républicains) the adherents chose the most conservative François Fillon. The primaries of the left (La Belle Alliance Populaire) were won by a relatively unknown and the most extremely left oriented, former Minister of education Benoît Hamon. The election of ideological extremes of the right and the left opened a waste space in the centre. The space for Emmanuel Macron. After both primaries and after disclosure of the case concerning wife of the conservative candidate, François Fillon, Emmanuel Macron, according to a public opinion survey published on 1st February 2017, has a realistic chance to proceed to the second round of presidential elections together with Marine Le Pen.
His success stems from the same source – refusal of traditional politicians. In the times of rising populism, Macron, however, with his straightforwardness and enthusiasm, represents a positive deviation. He brings nonconformity into politics, though in combination with positive agenda, non-conflicting, openness and stirring energy. Slightly risky idea to do politics the other way: with a political “non-party”, neither on the left nor on the right but unifying the whole France on the basis of its fundamental values, starts to work. And even without an elaborated list of concrete priorities. In this respect, it is also necessary to stress the particularity of the French society, where the values of liberty, equality and fraternity are deeply rooted and pointing them out has always great leverage. I’ve intentionally included some of Macron’s statements to show that his campaign represents indeed more of an idea, narrative, enthusiasm, than intention to push through a list of priorities. Macron’s experiment is not even a “one man show”, because Macron makes people feel that En Marche! is them, cities, regions, France. France that is at the same time also responsible for the destiny of the whole Europe.
The Macron phenomenon may not be an exception. The rise of populism, anti-system parties and erosion of democracy requires a response. If it is supposed to mean the end of the left-right ideological division, then a cleavage should emerge somewhere else. And perhaps it would mean a return to the core values of liberty and democracy, that are increasingly attacked. It seems that France has already set itself on the move.
Zdroje / Sources: The wave of public discontent and refusal of traditional politicians and political parties spreading through liberal democracies, induced in France not only rise of popularity of the far-right National Front of Marine Le Pen, but it also translated in the outcomes of primaries of the left and right. In both cases the elected candidate emerged by surprise. In the primaries of the right (Les Républicains) the adherents chose the most conservative François Fillon. The primaries of the left (La Belle Alliance Populaire) were won by a relatively unknown and the most extremely left oriented, former Minister of education Benoît Hamon. The election of ideological extremes of the right and the left opened a waste space in the centre. The space for Emmanuel Macron. After both primaries and after disclosure of the case concerning wife of the conservative candidate, François Fillon, Emmanuel Macron, according to a public opinion survey published on 1st February 2017, has a realistic chance to proceed to the second round of presidential elections together with Marine Le Pen.
His success stems from the same source – refusal of traditional politicians. In the times of rising populism, Macron, however, with his straightforwardness and enthusiasm, represents a positive deviation. He brings nonconformity into politics, though in combination with positive agenda, non-conflicting, openness and stirring energy. Slightly risky idea to do politics the other way: with a political “non-party”, neither on the left nor on the right but unifying the whole France on the basis of its fundamental values, starts to work. And even without an elaborated list of concrete priorities. In this respect, it is also necessary to stress the particularity of the French society, where the values of liberty, equality and fraternity are deeply rooted and pointing them out has always great leverage. I’ve intentionally included some of Macron’s statements to show that his campaign represents indeed more of an idea, narrative, enthusiasm, than intention to push through a list of priorities. Macron’s experiment is not even a “one man show”, because Macron makes people feel that En Marche! is them, cities, regions, France. France that is at the same time also responsible for the destiny of the whole Europe.
The Macron phenomenon may not be an exception. The rise of populism, anti-system parties and erosion of democracy requires a response. If it is supposed to mean the end of the left-right ideological division, then a cleavage should emerge somewhere else. And perhaps it would mean a return to the core values of liberty and democracy, that are increasingly attacked. It seems that France has already set itself on the move.
Will France vote for more or less Europe in the next presidential elections? The European Sting.
Briançon, Pierre: Emmanuel Macron, momentum man. POLITICO.
Complément d’enquête: Les secrets de la machine Macron. Coverage by France 2. Available on YouTube.En Marche! YouTube Channel
L'Europe qui marche, c'est l'Europe En Marche!, avec Emmanuel Macron. Le Huffington Post.
Ralliements et attaques : Emmanuel Macron passe du statut d'outsider à celui de favori du jour au lendemain. Le Huffington Post.
Les Européens avec Macron (Includes also Macron's speech at the Humboldt University)
Macron, Emmanuel: Révolution. XO Éditions, 2016.
Mazuir, Valérie: Présidentielle 2017 : ce que propose Emmanuel Macron. Les Echos.fr
Pottier, Jean-Marie: La droite a déjà choisi son principal rival (et ce n'est pas Benoît Hamon). Slate FR.
News, programs and articles by France24
Briançon, Pierre: Emmanuel Macron, momentum man. POLITICO.
Complément d’enquête: Les secrets de la machine Macron. Coverage by France 2. Available on YouTube.En Marche! YouTube Channel
L'Europe qui marche, c'est l'Europe En Marche!, avec Emmanuel Macron. Le Huffington Post.
Ralliements et attaques : Emmanuel Macron passe du statut d'outsider à celui de favori du jour au lendemain. Le Huffington Post.
Les Européens avec Macron (Includes also Macron's speech at the Humboldt University)
Macron, Emmanuel: Révolution. XO Éditions, 2016.
Macron, Emmanuel: Europe holds its destiny in its own hands. The Financial Times.
Pottier, Jean-Marie: La droite a déjà choisi son principal rival (et ce n'est pas Benoît Hamon). Slate FR.
News, programs and articles by France24


